The aim of study was to investigate Iran SPORT stadiums atmosphere in SPORT EVENTS with most spectators. Research method was descriptive AND survey. The statistical population consisted of spectators of those leagues with most spectators (football, wrestling, volleyball) in 2014-2015 season.400 subjects were selected based on purposive sampling method. Revised Questionnaire of SPORT Stadiums Atmosphere by Chen et al. (2013) was used. Its content validity was approved by 15 SPORT management experts AND its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (a=0.74). Descriptive AND inferential statistic (K-S, Friedman, Kruskal-Wallis AND Pearson test) were used. Results showed that ' stadium facilities' had the highest mean (6.67) AND ' electronic equipment' had the lowest mean (1.28). 'Entertainment' (242.67) had the highest place AND ' spectators' behavior' (150.18) had the lowest place in football. 'Spectators' behavior' had the highest AND ' stadium facilities' had lowest place in wrestling. 'Spectators' enthusiasm' had the highest AND ' entertainment' had the lowest place in volleyball. The highest relationship existed between stadium facilities AND electronic equipment. It is concluded that policymakers should try to strengthen the components of SPORT stadiums atmosphere in order to establish a positive atmosphere in the stadiums of SPORTs event with most spectators.

Recently, the competition between countries to gain medals in international competitions AND rankings of countries based on scores, has taken a high intensity AND this has led these researchers to begin to explore affecting socioeconomic AND other factors in SPORTing success in various competitions including the Olympic Games. However, the growth of research in this field AND distribution of information, dominance of all aspects of this area is impossible. Hence, the combination of the results of previous conducted studies to obtain an overview research topic is more useful than the definition of new research projects. In the present study, purposive sampling (snowball sampling) was used. After reviewing the articles about the relationship between economic factors AND SPORT PERFORMANCE, 20 studies were selected. To analyze the data collected, a comprehensive meta-analysis software program was used. The results showed that the mean of effect size of the relationship between economic factors AND PERFORMANCE in SPORTs EVENTS was 0.415. Since the effect size of the estimated is significant at 95% level, economic factors effect on SPORTs PERFORMANCE.

Introduction: Optimizing the actions of volunteers in SPORTs EVENTS would greatly aid in organizing better AND more effective EVENTS. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to optimize volunteer behavior in SPORTs EVENTS.Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in the field AND operated with a specific purpose. The statistical population consisted of experts in the field of volunteering, including experienced managers working with volunteers AND university professors. The sampling method employed was purposive. During the study, 94 criteria were identified for optimizing volunteer behavior in SPORTs EVENTS through the examination of valid certificates AND documents in the field of volunteering. Among these criteria, 16 were found to be effective in optimizing volunteer behavior. Eventually, through the Delphi Method with two repetitions, 9 fundamental criteria were identified. The criteria were then determined using the Best-Worst Method.Results: Based on the identified criteria, a model for optimizing volunteer behavior was developed, taking into consideration time AND budget as limiting factors for criteria selection. Subsequently, five scenarios were generated to account for different budget AND time situations, AND the model was solved using GAMS software to obtain the results.Conclusion: SPORTs event managers can contribute to optimizing volunteer behavior AND enhancing the overall efficiency AND effectiveness of the event by considering the scenarios presented in this research.

The present study, adopting a Investigación interpretativa (temática) paradigm, employs a qualitative approach AND utilizes a thematic analysis strategy in the realm of media management AND social marketing in SPORTs. Participants include experts AND professors in SPORTs management AND marketing, as well as opinion leaders in social media. A purposive sampling method was used, AND 15 individuals were selected as the sample size. Data collection tools consisted of in-depth AND semi-structured interviews, while thematic analysis of these interviews utilized an open AND axial coding approach through MAXQDA 2022 software. Results indicated that 213 initial statements were identified, totaling 667 frequencies, categorized into five main themes: message AND content of advertisements, content interference, content evaluation, influencer selection, AND the audience identity base, serving as effectiveness indicators for internet advertising with influencers. Furthermore, the concepts of balancing content AND advertisements (26), brAND identity validation (24), content diversity (24), image AND content quality (22), audience feedback measurement (28), AND demographic AND behavioral characteristics of followers AND influencers (27), along with examining visual alignment (21), defining audiences (22), AND socio-cognitive impacts (17), held the highest importance coefficients among the identified concepts. In conclusion, the study's findings suggest that meticulous AND intelligent planning in influencer selection, the creation of diverse AND high-quality content, AND attention to the needs AND preferences of the audience can enhance the PERFORMANCE of internet advertising with SPORTs influencers in the SPORTs industry. These results can contribute to the Iranian SPORTs industry by improving the effectiveness of advertising AND market expansion.

Objective: The aim of this study was the exploration of influencing factors on PERFORMANCE management implementation in SPORT organizations (Physical Education AND SPORTs Activities Office AND Students SPORTs Federation).Methodology: This research carried out qualitatively using content analysis approach. Statistical population included scientific\executive as well as information society elites in PERFORMANCE managements realm. Statistical sample was sampled AND interviewed adequately as well as purposefully based on theoretical saturation (14 subjects). Research instruments included a systematic library review AND semi-structured exploratory interviews. Content AND face validity of framework interview form from experts’ perspectives as well as programmer intra-rater reliability (86%) have been confirmed. For data analysis, three stage open, axial AND selective coding AND also, conceptual framing have been utilized. Results: The outcomes consisting of 50 factors in open coding which divided into 10 dimensions AND four factors including organizational engineering, knowledge AND psychological capital, contextual AND PERFORMANCE management.Conclusion: An accurate AND targeted implementation/execution of systems which are related to proposed patterns, in various organizational levels, require more attention AND efforts from managers in this area. In addition, more thorough study in order to adapt to organizational situation is warranted.

The gap in SPORTs industry main the difference between customers' expectations AND their perceptions of the real situation. Basic steps to bridging these gaps are to identify current situation AND desired status AND amount of the gap. The aim of this study is to identify the current situation, the ideal situation, AND the gaps in the SPORTs industry in terms of hosting major SPORTing EVENTS. a combination of quantitative AND qualitative research method was followed to identify the gap factors. To find out qualitative data a Simi-structure interwove with 16 member AND for quantitative data 120 member of SPORTs manager of SPORTs federations, Olympic committee, SPORTs ministry AND SPORT management masters were conducted, then 120 gap analysis questionnaires for quantitative data used. The questionnaire validity was confirmed by 25 of the SPORTs management AND measurement reliability Cronbach's alpha was 0. 76. Delphi method was used for analyzing qualitative data. For quantitative data, descriptive statistics, mean, SD, analysis of variance AND t-test was used. Friedman test was used to rank the factors AND identify the gaps. The resulting analysis of data indicates that the current situations are the Social dimension, operational, legal, financial, marketing, science AND technology AND environmental conditions. Main gaps were identified in the knowledge AND technology dimensions. To improve the gap some indications proposed.

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of adding a mixture of peppermint, thyme AND rosemary essential oils (EOs) in a ratio of (3:1:2), respectively, to the diet, on growth PERFORMANCE, rumen AND blood parameters of fattening lambs. Twenty-one Mehraban lambs with an average weight of 29.80 kg were rANDomly allocated to one of three diets: 1) control, 2) base diet+1.25ml of EOs AND 3) base diet+2.5ml of EOs. Daily weight gain was greater in the groups receiving the EOs than in the control, although this increase was mainly due to the interactions of treatment over time. Feed consumption AND feed conversion ratio compared to the control did not altered. The total concentrations of VFAs AND acetate in the groups receiving EOs decreased (P<0.05), while the concentration of propionate increased (P<0.05) at the level of 2.5ml of EOs AND isovalerate increased (P<0.05) in both levels of EOs compared to the control. Total population of protozoa, rumen pH AND ammonia nitrogen concentration were not affected by treatments. Glucose concentration increased at high level of EOs (P<0.05). Concentrations of urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, total protein AND albumin did not altered. The number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, number AND percentage of white cells including lymphocytes AND eosinophils were not affected by treatments but the percentage of monocytes decreased (P<0.05) at low level of the EOs. The results of this experiment showed that the addition of mixture of EOs to the diet did not have a significant effect on PERFORMANCE parameters AND immune system of lambs, although it reduced the total concentration of VFA AND acetate AND increased the concentration of propionate.

Background AND object: Security arrangements AND processes in social AND SPORTs places, especially stadiums, have a special place in ensuring the security of SPORTs EVENTS. The purpose of this study is to identify the key components AND drivers of SPORTing EVENTS in Iran. Methodology: The nature of this research is descriptive-analytical AND its method is qualitative-quantitative. The qualitative method was used to collect data AND then converted into quantitative data with the help of questionnaires AND Mick Mac software. Data collection in this study is the result of a coherent AND interconnected process with interviewing experts, a panel of experts, environmental surveys, AND interaction analysis with the software. Research Findings: Based on the research results, seven key factors called propulsion forces: security disciplinary management of SPORTing EVENTS, human resource management, AND preparedness of executive agents of EVENTS, infrastructure AND security stANDards, new security technologies, monitoring, AND regulation of EVENTS SPORTs, coordination AND communication of responsible organizations, establishing a commAND AND control center for operations AND appointing club security officers. Results: The drivers of SPORTing disciplinary management of SPORTs EVENTS are the most important key drivers of providing security for SPORTs EVENTS. To ensure the security of SPORTing EVENTS, due to the impact of the management dimension on other dimensions, professionalism in management, monitoring, AND integration of the headquarters are one of the most important measures AND the map of effectiveness AND the effectiveness of key components among them using Mick, Mac software Has been analyzed AND re-examined.

The present study aimed to propose a revenue model for hosting the SPORTs EVENTS in Iran. 220 university professors, SPORTs experts, staffs of SPORTs federations, AND management agents of international SPORTing EVENTS participated in this study. A researcher-developed questionnaire was used for data collection. Factor analysis was conducted to verify the structure validity. SPSS 22 AND PLS software were applied for data analysis. Based on the findings, 12 factors were found to be significant in the monetizing from hosting the SPORTing EVENTS. Sponsors, human resources, politics, governmental institutions, law, SPORT fields, scientific, security, government support, media, Facility development, AND fans were the most important factors for revenue generation in hosting SPORTs EVENTS. Managers, organizations, AND the organizers of SPORTing EVENTS can use appropriate strategies in the fields of media, sponsors, security of the country, investment, fans, governmental institutions, development of SPORTing facilities AND places, AND policy by utilizing the results AND model provided in the present study in order to generate money from SPORTing EVENTS.